Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) Practice Exam

Which two risk factors are strongly correlated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy?

1. Type of diabetes and A1c levels

2. Blood glucose and blood pressure control

3. Blood glucose variability and smoking status

4. Blood pressure control and family history of eye disease

The correct answer is: Blood glucose and blood pressure control

The correlation between blood glucose control and blood pressure management with the progression of diabetic retinopathy is well-established in clinical research. High blood glucose levels contribute to damage in the small blood vessels of the retina, which can lead to diabetic retinopathy. Conversely, consistently well-controlled blood glucose levels can significantly reduce the risk or slow down the progression of this eye disease. Additionally, hypertension, or high blood pressure, is another major risk factor that exacerbates the effects of diabetes on the eyes. Elevated blood pressure can lead to increased pressure on the retinal vessels, worsening vascular damage and facilitating the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, maintaining both blood glucose and blood pressure within target ranges is critical in managing and reducing the complications associated with diabetes, including retinopathy. Thus, the combination of managing blood glucose levels and ensuring optimal blood pressure care serves as a cornerstone in preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy.