Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) Practice Exam

When determining a nutrition/lifestyle intervention for an elderly woman with obesity and sarcopenia, which statement is least valid?

1. A weight loss plan with a 1,000-calorie deficit along with regular exercise would be appropriate considering her obesity.

2. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary to meet the requirements for older adults.

3. A modest reduction in calories with emphasis on nutrient-dense foods may help.

4. Encouraging high-quality protein consumption could be necessary due to protein undernutrition risks.

The correct answer is: A weight loss plan with a 1,000-calorie deficit along with regular exercise would be appropriate considering her obesity.

In the context of managing obesity and sarcopenia in an elderly woman, a weight loss plan involving a 1,000-calorie deficit alongside regular exercise is less valid due to the potential negative impact on her overall health. Extreme calorie deficits can compromise muscle mass and exacerbate sarcopenia, as older adults are already at risk for losing lean mass. Instead of a steep calorie cut, a more moderate approach that emphasizes nutrient-dense foods is often recommended. This type of intervention allows for adequate protein intake, essential vitamins, and minerals, while still supporting gradual and sustainable weight loss. Emphasizing calcium and vitamin D supplementation is relevant for older adults, as increased needs for these nutrients are common due to factors like decreased absorption and dietary intake; thus, this strategy is often valid for promoting bone health alongside muscle maintenance. Moderately reducing caloric intake while focusing on nutrient-dense foods can facilitate gradual weight loss without the risks associated with rapid calorie restriction. Additionally, encouraging high-quality protein consumption is vital to counteract protein undernutrition, which is a significant concern in older individuals facing the dual challenges of obesity and sarcopenia. This approach supports preserving muscle mass and overall health.